Body Mass Index (BMI)A ratio which quickly indicates
body mass. It is calculated by dividing the
mass of the body (in kilograms) by the
square of the height of it (in metres). A body's mass is considered
normal under the BMI if it falls between 18.5 and 25; any less and it is considered
underweight, while any more is considered either
overweight or
obese.
Foreign Currency Conversion Fee/International Service AssessmentThe fee charged to credit card issuers by
MasterCard and
Visa respectively when a
credit card transaction uses the
global payments system to
convert currency. For both companies, it is equal to
1% of the value of the transaction. Of course, the
credit card issuer can pass this fee on (and add up to
2 extra percentage points onto it) to the
cardholder.
IcosahedronA
solid figure with exactly
20 faces. In particular, a
regular icosahedron is an icosahedron with
faces of equilateral triangles. It belongs to a family of solids called the
Platonic solids. A
d20 die is in the shape of a regular icosahedron.
A model of a regular icosahedron made of toothpicks and Blu-Tack.PyriteA
mineral consisting of
iron disulphide (
FeS2). It has a
lustrous brass-yellow colour and has been mistaken for gold (hence it it also known as
fool's gold). Its molecules align to form an
isometric crystal system. When struck against steel it creates
sparks, hence its name's etymology of the Greek word for fire.
Res judicataTranslates to "
something decided" from Latin. It is a principle in
civil law stating that a single court case (in governments with a court system) may be heard and decided only
once. It emphasises the
finality in such litigation and avoids the
problem of a
defendant's being sued
multiple times for the same matter.
Criminal law has a similar principle of
double jeopardy, where the defendant cannot be tried multiple times for the same crime.
Tragedy of the commonsA theory relating to
resources that are
freely available but can deplete (or "
the commons", the British expression for open pastures). It states that such resources will continue to be exploited until it becomes
fully depleted). It is a tragedy because the rational use of private
cost-benefit analysis (where every individual has different of costs and benefits of using the resource) will produce such undesirable consequences. Hence support for the concepts of
ownership and
private property, in such a case cost-benefit analysis will be
uniformly applied.